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The Anzac Corps headquarters were located in dugouts in Anzac Gully 100 metres from the beach and just 1,000 metres from the front line. Men lived in dugouts and shelters cut into the seaward slopes of the ridges above the beach; some of the terraces are still discernable although most of the dugouts have been eroded away. Troops regularly used the beach for swimming, despite the hazards of constant enemy shelling, especially from the concealed Turkish batteries near the 'Olive Grove', located 500 metres south of the present Kabatepe Museum. On the Ari Burnu (northern) headland of Anzac Cove stands a Turkish Memorial to the Anzacs, unveiled in 1985 when the Turkish government officially renamed the area 'Anzac Koyu' (Anzac Cove). The memorial is inscribed in English with the moving words Turkish President Mustafa Kemal Atatark delivered in 1934 to the first Australians, British and New Zealanders visiting the battlefields. Beach Cemetery, at the southern headland of Anzac Cove (Hell Spit), is on the site of a burial ground used from the landing to the evacuation. Beach Cemetery contains the graves of 380 soldiers, including 285 Australians. These include the grave of Private John Simpson Kirkpatrick, the legendary 'Man with the Donkey', who brought wounded men to the beach with the aid of a small donkey. He was killed on 19 May three weeks after the Landing. Simpson's grave is near the cemetery entrance; his epitaph reads: 'He gave his life that others might live'. Above Hell Spit is the small hill named Queensland Point, after the troops of the 9th Battalion, raised in Queensland, who were the first ashore here on 25 April. There is also a Turkish memorial here commemorating a Company of the Turkish 27th Infantry Regiment which resisted the Anzac landing on 25 April. Ari Burnu Cemetery, on the northern headland of Anzac Cove, was formed during the campaign on land under fire from Turkish outposts. After the war, other burials were concentrated there. The cemetery contains the graves of 251 soldiers, including 151 Australians; among them are men of the 8th and 10th Light Horse Regiments killed in the tragic charge at the Nek on 7 August. The first boat loads of Australians landed around Ari Burnu on 25 April and the official Dawn Service is held every Anzac Day at this cemetery. North Beach is immediately north of Ari Burnu. Inland is the feature which the Anzacs named the Sphinx, alter the ancient monument near Mena Camp where they trained in Egypt. Reserve Gully runs from the beach near Ari Burnu along the lee between Plugge's Plateau and Russell's Top north named after New Zealand commanders as was Walker's Ridge, further north). Although only 800 metres from the front line, its sheltered position made it an ideal camp for 'resting' troops. No.1 Australian Stationary Hospital was sited at the seaward end of the gully and the YMCA camp was nearby. The foothills above North Beach were crowded with dugouts and stores for most of the campaign. |
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